Calculations and Risk in International Operations 2600-DSMdz/w3zkOHZ

The seminar will focus on issues introducing the topic of foreign trade and will cover the following topics:
1. Foreign trade brokers
- types of intermediaries, taking into account the division into self-employed and non-self-employed, and on their own and someone else's
behalf
- the role and tasks of intermediaries,
- arranging the relationship between the client and the agent
- advantages and disadvantages of using intermediaries.
2. Customs and trade
- the role and importance of commercial practices,
- mandatory law, contractual provisions, customs, standards of relatively applicable law,
- commercial agreements relating to the terms of delivery of goods, with particular emphasis on the Incoterms 2020 rules,
- settlements related to the settlement of international transactions.
3. Documents used in trade,
- transportation documents,
- insurance documents,
- supplementary and supporting documents.
4. Settlements and methods of financing commercial transactions
- risk of non-payment / return of the advance payment,
- ways to eliminate or reduce the risk of non-payment,
- conditional and unconditional forms of payment (transfers / direct debits, check, collection, letter of credit, standby letter of credit),
- promissory notes as instruments for securing a trade credit,
- bank guarantees and transaction insurance,
- export pre-financing, factoring, forfaiting
5. Preparation of the offer and contract
- offer in international trade in the light of the Vienna Convention on the International Sale of Goods,
- offer construction,
- essential clauses and supplementary clauses in the contract.